Propellants are classified according to their state - liquid, solid, or hybrid. It differs from many traditional solid rocket propellants such as black powder or zinc-sulfur, not only in chemical composition and overall performance, but also by the nature of how it is processed.APCP is cast into shape, as opposed to powder pressing as with black powder. The rocket casings were 3/4 inch inner diameter, and 3.25 inch length. Table 1 shows key missiles and rocket boosters studied. Hopefully, members of the solid-propellant history group could suggest where I could devote my limited time to the best advantage. Turn the hot plate or stove off. JP-8 and other Military Fuels Joel Schmitigal Jill Tebbe Disclaimer: Reference herein to any specific commercial company, product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise, does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement,recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or the Department of the Army (DoA). In modern times, black powder finds use in low-power model rockets (such as Estesand Quest rockets),as it is cheap and fairly easy to produce. Melt the petroleum jelly in a beaker on low heat. The amounts stored in two military depots at Alyat and Mingechevir may amount to nearly 2 million kilograms. Liquid-fuel rockets most commonly use liquid oxygen and either kerosene or liquid hydrogen. In a rocket engine, you don't want an explosion -- you would like the power released more evenly over a period of time. A fuel is a substance that burns when combined with oxygen producing gas for propulsion. Therefore you might change the mix to 72% nitrate, 24% carbon and 4% sulfur. Table 1. These combinations work well in space and down closer to the ground, resulting in a multitude of uses from the first stages of the Saturn V and Falcon rockets to the Space Shuttle’s main engines used to get the orbiter in position in space. The rocket fuel components melanj, samine, and isonite (isopropyl nitrate) are stored in various places in the Republic of Azerbaijan. Propellant is the chemical mixture burned to produce thrust in rockets and consists of a fuel and an oxidizer. Ammonium perchlorate composite propellant (APCP) is a modern fuel used in solid-propellant rocket vehicles. The fuel mix, dubbed ALICE, is made of nano-aluminum powder and frozen water, and gets its thrust from the chemical reaction between the ingredients. far about the history of solid-propellant rocketry at this session and also to present the major questions I have that are unanswered as well as the major areas that remain to be explored. Melanj is a nitric acid based chemical, samine is a mixture of xylidine and triethlyamine, and the additive isonite is a product of alcohol and nitric acid. Method: Mix the iron oxide with the potassium benzoate and mill this mixture until a very fine powder is obtained. This type of rocket fuel is commonly referred to as "R-Candy" The main components of this composition are a brand of stump remover, which is 100% potassium nitrate (KNO3), and plain white table sugar. It varies from the simplest a cryogenic mix of liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen, to a mechanical moisture of finely ground sulfur, charcoal and saltpeter (the first rocket fuel, aka black powder) to kerosene and liquid oxygen to minomethyl hydrazine monopropellant, to a solid fuel grain of butyl rubber, potassium permanganate with powdered aluminum. Black powder(gunpowder) is composed of charcoal(fuel), potassium nitrate(oxidizer), and sulfur(fuel and catalyst). Gunpowder is made up 75% nitrate, 15% carbon and 10% sulfur. It is one of the oldest pyrotechniccompositions with application to rocketry.

The ratio of oxidizer to fuel is called the mixture ratio. An oxidizer is an agent that releases oxygen for combination with a fuel.